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Corpus matter record

XAI v XAH and another matter

Family Court · Sep 3, 2025

SingaporeEditorial impact: lowpro sefake citationspublished opinionfamilyMonetary
Direct answer

What happened in this matter?

The Family Court of Singapore ordered a self-represented litigant to pay costs and mandated a written declaration of generative AI use for future filings after the litigant submitted 14 fabricated case citations generated by ChatGPT.

Why the court cared
The court reasoned that it possesses inherent power to prevent abuse of process, which includes guarding against the citation of fake cases. It determined that requiring a declaration of AI use strikes a fair balance between allowing the use of technology and ensuring the court is not misled by AI hallucinations, while noting that self-represented status does not absolve a litigant of the duty to ensure accuracy.
Why it matters now
This matter connects pro se and fake citations involving ChatGPT with Order to pay costs; Required written declaration of generative AI use in Family Court, making it a concrete reference point for verification, supervision, and response controls.

Why this matter is tracked

In a family violence proceeding, a self-represented father submitted written arguments containing 14 fabricated case citations and references to repealed legislation. The court identified these as AI hallucinations, likely generated by ChatGPT. The father admitted to using generative AI without verifying the output. The court disregarded the hallucinated submissions and dismissed the father's application for a personal protection order. Exercising its inherent power to prevent abuse of process, the court ordered the father to pay costs and mandated that he provide a written declaration of generative AI use in any future court filings to ensure transparency and accuracy, emphasizing that self-represented litigants remain responsible for the veracity of their submissions.

Operational lesson

This matter connects pro se and fake citations involving ChatGPT with Order to pay costs; Required written declaration of generative AI use in Family Court, making it a concrete reference point for verification, supervision, and response controls.

Record details

CourtFamily Court
Jurisdictioninternational
CircuitNot recorded
DateSep 3, 2025
CH
AI toolChatGPT
Party typePro Se Litigant
OutcomeThe court dismissed the father's application for a personal protection order, ordered him to pay costs, and mandated a written declaration of generative AI use for future filings.
Known amountNot recorded
Professional sanctionNo
Attribution boundary

What the record establishes about AI use

admitted

The court identified the father's use of generative AI tools, specifically ChatGPT.

Procedural posture

Final judgment on cross-applications for personal protection orders following a trial.

Correction behavior

Correction behavior is not separately verified in the current record.

Tracked discrepancy record

15 citation, quotation, or authority issues are recorded in the source dataset.

  1. Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Father makes reference to the provisions of the Women’s Charter that were in force prior to the 2nd of January 2025
  2. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'AAU v AAT [2015] SGFC 114'; LawNet revealed the citation corresponds to TEI v TEJ [2015] SGFC 114 (a different matter).
  3. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'Chong Yoke Fong v Tan Siew Chin [2014] SGDC 285'; LawNet showed the neutral citation belongs to Public Prosecutor v Quek Keng Siang Billy [2014] SGDC 285.
  4. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'UVH v UVI [2019] SGFC 98'; LawNet showed the citation corresponds to VAO v VAP [2019] SGFC 98 (a different divorce matter).
  5. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'WRS v WRT [2018] SGFC 132'; LawNet search revealed there was no such case under that neutral citation/name.
  6. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'TBU v TBV [2016] SGFC 98'; LawNet showed the neutral citation corresponds to Re TQR [2016] SGFC 98 (different subject).
  7. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'VZO v VZP [2021] SGFC 11'; LawNet revealed the citation corresponds to VOX v VOY [2021] SGFC 11 (different matter).
  8. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'CAF v CAG [2010] SGDC 176'; LawNet showed the neutral citation corresponds to Public Prosecutor v Toh Soon Seng [2010] SGDC 176.
Show 7 additional discrepancies
  1. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'XP v XQ [2005] SGDC 203'; LawNet showed the neutral citation corresponds to KV v KW [2005] SGDC 203 (different matter).
  2. Fabricated: Case Law | Father included 'Huang v Lee [2018] SGFC' in submissions; LawNet search revealed no such case and the citation is not genuine.
  3. Fabricated: Case Law | Father included 'Lee Siew Kuen v Foo [2020] SGFC' in submissions; LawNet search revealed no such case and citation is not genuine.
  4. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'Re SS 1234/2019' (an application number) which has no published judgment and is not the proper form of Family Court citation.
  5. Fabricated: Case Law | Father included 'Lim Bee Eng v Teo [2021] SGFC'; LawNet search disclosed no genuine case under that name/citation.
  6. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'BZ v BAA [2004] SGDC 220'; LawNet showed the citation corresponds to Public Prosecutor v Lim Choong Hiang [2004] SGDC 220.
  7. Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'UEB v UEC [2018] SGFC 72'; LawNet revealed the citation corresponds to UNS v UNT [2018] SGFC 72 (different ancillary matter).

Questions this record answers

What happened in XAI v XAH and another matter?
The Family Court of Singapore ordered a self-represented litigant to pay costs and mandated a written declaration of generative AI use for future filings after the litigant submitted 14 fabricated case citations generated by ChatGPT.
Why does XAI v XAH and another matter matter for legal AI risk?
This matter connects pro se and fake citations involving ChatGPT with Order to pay costs; Required written declaration of generative AI use in Family Court, making it a concrete reference point for verification, supervision, and response controls.
What does the public record establish about XAI v XAH and another matter?
The record summarizes the outcome described in the linked public source. The recorded document is hosted in the upstream publisher archive. This page is not a substitute for the complete docket, subsequent history, or jurisdiction-specific advice.
Which source supports this XAI v XAH and another matter summary?
The recorded source is Damien Charlotin case archive. It is classified as publisher document archive; review the linked material and subsequent docket history before relying on this summary.

Related matters

Related by court, jurisdiction, tool, or classified failure pattern. Similarity does not imply the same facts or outcome.

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