Public trackerCorpus refreshed Sep 10, 2026 · Latest decision Sep 8, 2026Public incidents are risk signals, not usage-adjusted rates
HomeCasesBottrill v Graham & Anor (No 2)
Evidence review: primary source excerpt. A case-specific primary-source excerpt was checked; review the complete source before relying.
Evidence-linked corpus record: this page is generated from the structured public record and has a publication-readiness score of 90/100. It passes the current publication gate; that is not a legal-editorial review or a guarantee that every field has been independently verified.
Corpus matter record

Bottrill v Graham & Anor (No 2)

District Court of New South Wales · Jun 20, 2025

Direct answer

What happened in this matter?

The District Court of New South Wales dismissed the second defendant's Notice of Motion for summary dismissal after finding that her submissions relied on non-existent and misstated case law generated by AI. The court subsequently ordered the defamation proceedings to continue to trial, finding that the plaintiff had established serious harm.

Why the court cared
The court reasoned that the second defendant's submissions were in breach of the District Court General Practice Note 2 (Generative AI Practice Note) because they relied on imaginary authorities and misstated rules. The court determined that the serious harm element was established based on the evidence and the nature of the publications, necessitating that the case proceed to trial.
Why it matters now
Courts refuse to repeat fake citations to avoid AI retraining them — your citations now carry evidentiary risk beyond the case.

Why this matter is tracked

Fabricated: Case Law | "All of the judgments and rules referred to in the submissions of 21 May 2025 were misstated, non-existent, or both" Outcome: The second defendant's Notice of Motion for summary dismissal of the plaintiff’s claim was dismissed, with costs reserved to the trial judge.. "When the parties came before the court on 22 May 2025, there had been little time for the plaintiff, the first defendant and the court to examine the second defendant’s written submissions served late on the night before. It was nevertheless immediately apparent that the second defendant sought to rely upon authority and court rules which were not merely misstated but, in some circumstances, imaginary. I am satisfied that all of the judgments and rules referred to in the submissions of 21 May 2025 were misstated, non-existent, or both, and that Gen AI had been used to prepare these submissions.An example was the citation of a decision of the Supreme Court of New South Wales described as “Wu v Wilks” (I will not provide the citation given in full, as there is a risk of it being picked up as genuine by other Gen AI: Luck v Secretary, Services Australia [2025] FCAFC 26 at [14]). There is no decision with this name, either in the Supreme Court of New South Wales or in any other jurisdictions. The caselaw citation given for “Wu v Wilks” belonged to a judgment on wholly unrelated material and the principles of law for which it was cited. All of the citations suffered similar problems.I drew these issues to the attention of the second defendant and enquired whether she had used Gen AI in the preparation of her submissions and, if so, whether she was aware of the Practice Note. She acknowledged that she had done so but said this was because she had very little time to provide submissions in reply and was deeply distressed by these proceedings"

Operational lesson

Courts refuse to repeat fake citations to avoid AI retraining them — your citations now carry evidentiary risk beyond the case.

Record details

CourtDistrict Court of New South Wales
Jurisdictioninternational
CircuitNot recorded
DateJun 20, 2025
UN
AI toolUnidentified
Party typePro Se Litigant
OutcomeThe second defendant's Notice of Motion for summary dismissal was dismissed, with costs reserved to the trial judge. The court found that the plaintiff established serious harm and ordered the case to proceed to trial.
Known amountNot recorded
Professional sanctionNo
Attribution boundary

What the record establishes about AI use

admitted

The current record does not establish a specific AI tool. Do not infer AI use beyond the source.

Procedural posture

The matter was before the District Court of New South Wales on a Notice of Motion for summary dismissal filed by the second defendant. The court dismissed the motion and ordered the proceedings to trial.

Correction behavior

Correction behavior is not separately verified in the current record.

Tracked discrepancy record

1 citation, quotation, or authority issues are recorded in the source dataset.

  1. Fabricated: Case Law | "All of the judgments and rules referred to in the submissions of 21 May 2025 were misstated, non-existent, or both"

Questions this record answers

What happened in Bottrill v Graham & Anor (No 2)?
The District Court of New South Wales dismissed the second defendant's Notice of Motion for summary dismissal after finding that her submissions relied on non-existent and misstated case law generated by AI. The court subsequently ordered the defamation proceedings to continue to trial, finding that the plaintiff had established serious harm.
Why does Bottrill v Graham & Anor (No 2) matter for legal AI risk?
Courts refuse to repeat fake citations to avoid AI retraining them — your citations now carry evidentiary risk beyond the case.
What does the public record establish about Bottrill v Graham & Anor (No 2)?
The record summarizes the outcome described in the linked public source. The recorded link is a secondary or other public source and should be checked against the docket where available. This page is not a substitute for the complete docket, subsequent history, or jurisdiction-specific advice.
Which source supports this Bottrill v Graham & Anor (No 2) summary?
The recorded source is caselaw.nsw.gov.au. It is classified as secondary or other linked source; review the linked material and subsequent docket history before relying on this summary.

Related matters

Related by court, jurisdiction, tool, or classified failure pattern. Similarity does not imply the same facts or outcome.